Category Archives: Mazak Mill
- January 8, 2025
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Canned Cycles Using G98 G99
Category : Fanuc Mill Haas Mill Mazak Mill
This article is about CNC Canned Cycles Using G98 G99
(G Code CNC Programming)
It’s not a competition G99 vs G98. sometimes you need G98 sometimes you need G99.
CNC Canned Cycles Using G98 G99, a canned cycle is usually one line of code for example to drill a hole. This one line of code tells the machine all it needs to know about drilling my holes.
G98 G99
- Depth
- Feedrate.
- Point to rapid to before drilling
- Point to rapid back to after drilling
G Code Programming Haas Fanuc (ISO) Mazak
What happens then is each time we give the machine a new position it will drill one of these holes. Each hole will be identical unless we change one of the parameters. So if on one hole we put a different Z depth that hole and all subsequent holes will be to the new depth.
CNC Canned Cycles Using G98 G99
So all in all it’s a really easy way to drill holes. You tell it what you want and then each time you give a position you get a hole. Then when you get sick of drilling holes you type in G80.
Machine says OK he don’t want anymore holes so from now on when the machine moves to a position nothing happens.
Mitsubishi Carbide
There are loads of Canned Cycles I can’t be bothered to tell you about them all cos I’m going out tonight otherwise I would explain them. Anyway they all do different stuff like.
- G84 Tapping
- G73 High speed Peck Drilling
- G83 Deep hole Drilling
- G81 Drilling
They all work in the same way as each other but with variations.
Now the video at the bottom of the page is about CNC Canned Cycles Using G98 G99 and that’s in all the drilling and tapping type cycles.
Ok what does it do? You may well ask, G99 vs G98
I know for a fact that some of you, and I won’t mention names, put this on the line with the canned cycle but you ain’t got a clue what it does. Maybe you don’t even put it in. Maybe you don’t care.
Anyway it’s simple.
- You rapid to an initial point
- You rapid down close to the hole (this is the R point)
- You feed down to depth (Z Depth)
- Then you rapid out to either the initial point (1) or the R point (2)
Now if you program G99 it returns to the R point .
If you program G98 it returns to the initial point (that means the first one)
Ok why on earth would I want that?
Well……. if you made the first point say 50mm above the job (About 2 inches) and the rapid point was 1mm above the job (.040”).
You could drill all your holes in G99 and the drill would each time return to 1mm (.040″) above the part. You get to a clamp and you put G98 and it jumps to 50mm (2”) above the part and misses the clamp. Change back to G99 and it stays down returning to 1mm (0.040) above the part.
Get it? So you eliminate wasted moves. Good init.
CNC Canned Cycles Using G98 G99
Take a look at the CNC Training Courses on offer at the CNC Training Centre
Oh and here is my video it explains how to use G98 and G99 to jump over clamps on a fixture.
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- January 7, 2025
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2
G81 Drilling Example (Canned Cycle)
Category : Fanuc Mill Haas Mill Mazak Mill
G81 Drilling Example
The G81 is the most commonly used canned cycle it simply drills a hole and retracts.
All other canned cycles are similar to this but with a few extra bells and whistles.
G81 Drilling Example this simple part has four M12 holes drilled countersunk and tapped.
The datum is the centre of the part so the holes positions are.
X55. Y55.
X-55. Y55.
X-55. Y-55.
X55. Y-55.
Here is the CNC code
The machine first moves to X-55. Y-55. and rapids the Z axis to 3mm above the part.
It then rapids the Z axis down to 1mm above the part R1.
The G81 Cycle instructs it to drill a hole 6mm deep (Z-6.) at a feed of 200mm per minute (F200.)
When the hole is done it rapids back to the initial point (Z3.) This was in the line
This is because of the G98.
If it were G99 it would return to 1mm above the job (R1.)
See explanation of G98 and G99
Once the cycle is active each time it sees a position it repeats the drilling process.
When the G80 is programmed it no longer drills holes.
Now watch the video to see it all in action (G81 Drilling Example)
See full explanation
Thanks
If you have been affected by any of the issues in this post or need CNC Counselling then contact me.
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- January 6, 2025
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2
G01 G00 Basic CNC Programming ( G01 not GO1 )
Category : Fanuc Mill Fanuc Turn Haas Mill Haas Turn Mazak Mill Mazak Turn
G01 not GO1 Back to Basic CNC Programming
The letter O is only used for a programme number and a GOTO statement on a Fanuc Control. It’s important not to get it mixed up with the number Zero. So we should really say G zero one ( G01 not GO1 ).
So remember it’s G01 not GO1 (Zero not letter O)
A good solution is to miss it out where possible G1 not G01 etc.
This is part of a series of articles designed to cover basic CNC Programming.
When I first learnt to programme, before the First World War, I still remember how daunting the thick yellow Fanuc Manuals were. The Japanese were learning to speak English and we were learning to speak G Code.
Fanuc Manuals
Fanuc manuals are just like the yellow pages. A note here for you young people who might not know what yellow pages are (no it’s not like someone pissed on the photocopier)
Long before Google we had these thick yellow books and we used them to find stuff like if your mam needed to get the outside toilet unblocked or something.
None of this stuff was in the Fanuc manuals but you could easily get them mixed up cos they looked very similar.
I can honestly say when I was learning Basic CNC Programming I read the old 6M Fanuc manual from cover to cover. The Macro bit was just like another planet to me. Some things I had to read over and over again to understand.
Some of it was so badly written you kind of had to guess what they meant.
In the Beginning
Every now and then I used to go right back to the beginning and read the basic stuff again. Believe me, every time I would find something I didn’t know, mind you I didn’t know much then anyway.
Try it later and if it doesn’t work I’ll give you your money back.
Okay enough of this bullshit and verbiage let’s talk about G codes.
Geometric Code, that’s what the G stands for.
Useless information but anyway, now I’ve said it. Don’t tell your mates down the pub because you will probably bore them shitless.
I often begin my training courses by saying “you only need to know four G codes to programme a CNC, it really is that easy”
G0 G1 G2 G3
(Please smart arses don’t contact me.)
What that means is that you can get round any shape with straight lines G1 and circles G2 and G3. Oh and you need to quickly get to the part so use G0 rapid.
Yes and another note. You don’t need leading zeros.
G00 can be G0 (Never GO as in letter O)
G01 can be G1 (Never GO1 as in letter O)
G02 can be G2 (Never GO1 as in Letter O)
G03 can be G3 (Never GO1 as in letter O)
Read this if you want to know more.
Lets Get On with It
G00 or G0 commands a rapid move. That means the axis will be flat out. Maximum foot to the floor, shit off a stick as we say in the Midlands.
A common mistake with rapid moves is to assume that the axis will all move in a straight line like a bullet from a gun.
Not true. Because each axis is flat out one axis may arrive before the other. The rapid on your X axis could be slower than your Z. Anyway you get what I mean.
Why do I need to know this?
Easy because if something is in the way then you might hit it. That is if you assume the movement is a straight line.
Now lets see.
Move down in Z
G0 Z5.
Then a nice straight line G0 X130. Z-30.
But meanwhile in the real world
It’s obvious really.
Just think for a moment:
If both X and Z rapid motors ran at the same speed. Then each axis will move the same amount until one reaches its destination.
Looks like this.
Z has 30mm to move in total so they will both move 30mm. This will make a 45 degree line.
Ah but X is not finished yet. X will carry on and finish its move in a straight line.
If something is in the path of your rapid move you may need to programme your axis separately to be sure not to hit anything.
G00 X130. Z-30.
Could be:
G00 X130. ;
Z-30.;
Please don’t repeat the G00 (you know it will piss me off).
Now G01 ( G01 not GO1 )
G01 is a linear feed. It means feed in a straight line. Just like stretching a piece of string between two points. It can be just one axis or two simultaneous axis. You can even programme X Y and Z all in one line of code.
So this is what really separates a CNC from a manual machine. Remember how hard it was to machine an angle on a manual milling machine? Or a taper on a lathe.
You do?
Well on a CNC Machine we just programme the end point. It will then machine a straight line from it’s current position to the programmed point
If your machine was at X50. Y0 and you programmed a line
G01 X55. Y-200. ;
You would get an angle.
Ok what’s wrong in this picture?
Just to see if you are not a robot?
Yes congratulations but what is wrong with the line.
G01 X55. Y-200. ;
The Feed-rate
Yes with G01 you need a feed-rate. Don’t repeat the feed-rate, you only need another feed-rate when you want to change it.
G01 X55. Y-200. F100. ;
Don’t forget you can programme X Y and Z together and it will still be a straight line just like you tied a piece of string between the start and end point.
F100. means feed at 100mm per minute.
CNC Turning
On a manual lathe you would have to set up a compound slide to just machine an angle.
Mmm very skillful and I’m sure it’s loads of fun.
On a CNC Lathe this is just one line of code and some Basic CNC Programming!!
What About 3 Axis Rapid?
Yes you can programme 3 axis together in rapid move. It’s definitely the quickest way to get to the part.
G0 X50. Y20. Z3.
I would definitely advise using it but, and there always is one, just be real careful nothing is in the way. Don’t blame me I’ll just say I never met you.
Oh just one more thing as Columbo would say.
You could use a very high feed instead of a rapid move. That way you really would guarantee a straight line. I’ve never done this but it just came to me in a flash.
So there you have it G0 is rapid ( never GO letter O).
G1 is linear feed, remember G01 not GO1 (Not letter O)
Thank you for reading my article ( Basic CNC Programming G01 not GO1 )
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Absolute or Incremental G91 G90
Category : Fanuc Mill Haas Mill Mazak Mill
Absolute or Incremental that is the question?
Absolute or Incremental no it’s not a Shakespearean Quote from Hamlet.
Two distinct ways of programming.
Understanding Absolute and Incremental Positioning in G-Code
When diving into the world of G-code, mastering the difference between absolute and incremental positioning can be a game-changer. This knowledge not only enhances your programming skills but also provides strategic flexibility in crafting your creations. By utilising G90 (absolute) and G91 (incremental) commands, you gain control over your machine’s movements, allowing for precision and adaptability in your projects.
We all know Absolute (G90)
You are working from an absolute datum. This means that every position or movement is a measurement from the datum.
It is just like on a drawing where every measurement is from the same datum point.
So no matter what position you move to the movement distance is from the datum. This is called Absolute and you use G90. G90 is modal so the G code stays in until you tell the control otherwise.
But do you understand Incremental (G91)???
Incremental is a bit harder to get your head around.
So this time it’s like every position is measured from where you are. So if the movement is X10. then the machine moves 10mm from where you are in a plus direction.
Here is the same part as above but drawn in a different way.
So each position is measured from the last one. Well that’s how incremental positions work. You just move the incremental distance regardless of where you are.
Absolute or Incremental Why?
Come on you tell me…….
You’ll have to work it out or read right to the end of this article. Oh by the way it’s incredibly boring.
Absolute or Incremental There is More
Absolute is like saying “Go to my house”. My house is in just one place and I only have one. So that is an absolute position.
Now if you were at my house and I said “Go to my house”. Apart from thinking I am a bit daft you wouldn’t move. You’d say “David, I am already at your house, are you OK?”
Well that’s like being in G90 Absolute.
G90 G0 X50. Y50.
X50. Y50.
When the machine gets to the second line, in the above code, it wouldn’t move. It would quite happily accept this line of code. I’m sure somewhere deep in it’s CNC brain it would think you were a bit daft. But they are very polite these CNC guys.
If you were in a canned cycle it would drill another hole in the same place because that is what a canned cycle does. (They repeat each time a position is given)
Ok Now are you ready? The Incremental Bit
So if I said to you “drive 5 miles north”.
Well it rather depends on where you are. You may well arrive at my house (and I would make you a cup of tea). Now if I repeated the command “drive 5 miles north” you wouldn’t stay for another cup of tea. You have another journey to make.
Well that’s like being in G91 Incremental.
G91 G0 X50. Y50.
X50. Y50.
After the second move in the above code you would be at X100. Y100. Each axis moves another 50mm.
The Wait Is Over Read On
Absolute or Incremental, why?
First of all let’s look at the two drawings again.
Why not just read the figures off the drawing? Dead easy. First drawing would suit absolute. Second drawing would suit incremental. Or for some parts it would be a combination of Absolute or Incremental.
If you try to add up the figures on drawing number two you will more than likely make a mistake.
Reading The Program
When you read a CNC program you want the figures you see to be the same as the drawing. That way it’s easy to check and you won’t make so many mistakes.
Don’t forget it might be years later when you next read this program.
So Absolute or Incremental? Well it rather depends.
Here is another example where incremental programming would work well.
The pockets are all the same so you could program one pocket incrementally. Stick it all in a sub program and then just move to an absolute position and call it out.
It would be a bit like having a robot that could dig ten inch diameter holes two foot deep. You just send it anywhere in your garden, it will dig you a hole and you can plant a tree.
I can almost hear the comments on this article. “Oh I’d just use a different datum for each pocket”.
“Incremental no way bloody dangerous”
OK smart arse.
At the CNC Training Centre we like you to learn as much as possible about CNC Programming. Understand all the G codes all the M codes every principle. You end up with a toolbox full of CNC Programming Tools.
Absolute or Incremental Which Tool?
Absolute-or-Incremental Let’s Talk About Safety
When you use G91 Incremental as soon as possible add a G90 to bring the machine back to G90 Absolute.
So for example if you had a sub-program you could try and remember to put G90 in your main program. That is something I would definitely forget to do.
So put it at the end of your sub program. That way every time you come out of your sub program you are back in G90 Absolute.
O500(Drilling Sub-Program)
G91(Incremental)
X50.
X60.
X80.
X10.
X5.
X5.
G90(Absolute)
M99
If you leave things lying around anything can happen.
You definitely can have a collision using G91 (Incremental) if you are not careful.
Don’t Be Put Off There’s More
Incremental has some brilliant uses. When drilling holes the same distance apart it can save you a lot of programming time. Oh and it really simplifies things.
When using a canned cycle like G81 you can make repeat moves.
G81 G98 Z-5. R1. F100.
X52.554 L20
G80
This will drill 20 holes 52.554mm apart. Think about adding all these figures up, very prone to mistakes.
But do be careful, if you get a figure wrong you can get a cumulative error. “Cumulative error” Sorry I promised not to fuckin swear.
Come on you G91 deniers it does exist and it can work.
Advantages
- You can program exactly what is on the drawing.
- No need to add up figures.
- Repeat holes are dead easy.
- Features that repeat can be placed in a sub program and used at any absolute position.
- Less errors because you don’t need to add up the figures.
- When you later read your program the figures look like the ones on the drawing.
- Great for using sub-programs.
- It can help you lose weight as part of a calorie controlled diet.
Understanding these concepts is like adding a powerful weapon to your G-code arsenal, enhancing both precision and efficiency.
Whether you’re executing complex designs or simply looking to streamline your process, this foundational knowledge ensures your commands translate perfectly from paper to product.
Disadvantages
- If you make a mistake then the errors will add up.
- Can cause collisions if used incorrectly.
- People don’t like it and are frightened of it.
How does understanding absolute and incremental positioning affect flexibility in G-code programming?
By mastering the use of G90 and G91 commands, you gain the ability to switch between absolute and incremental positioning, thereby increasing your programming flexibility.
2. Why is understanding the difference between absolute and incremental positioning important?
Grasping these concepts is crucial because it equips you with a significant advantage in G-code programming, enhancing your ability to execute precise and efficient commands.
Absolute-or-Incremental Remember This
- Change back to Absolute G90 straight after use.
- Make sure the figures you input are accurate.
- Standardise your code (Read This).
- After each tool change make sure you have a G90.
- When you are proving out look at position display to check how figures add up.
Thanks For Reading
Don’t forget there’s loads more folks.
Learn CNC Programming
Services offered at CNC Training Centre
Classroom programmer training.
CNC Training on all controls and machines.
Mazak Training Fanuc Training
Don’t forget we offer training on all types of Mazak Machines and all Fanuc Controls 6m to 31i Oi old to young.